邮箱机制
跟生活中的例子类似,就是用来发送消息的。RT-Thread 操作系统的邮箱用于线程间通信,特点是开销比较低,效率较高。
邮箱中的每一封邮件只能容纳固定的 4 字节内容(针对 32 位处理系统,指针的大小即为 4 个字节,所以一封邮件恰好能够容纳
一个指针)。典型的邮箱也称作交换消息,一个或多个线程可以从邮箱中接收这些邮件并进行处理。
邮箱中一封邮件的最大长度是 4 字节,所以邮箱能够用于不超过 4 字节的消息传递。由于在 32 系统上 4 字节的内容恰好可以放置一个指针,因此当需要在线程间传递比较大的消息时,可以把指向一个缓冲区的指针作为邮件发送到邮箱中,即邮箱也可以传递指针,
非阻塞方式的邮件发送过程能够安全的应用于中断服务中,是线程、中断服务、定时器向线程发送消息的有效手段。通常来说,邮件收取过程可能是阻塞的,这取决于邮箱中是否有邮件,以及收取邮件时设置的超时时间。
当邮箱中不存在邮件且超时时间不为 0 时,邮件收取过程将变成阻塞方式。在这类情况下,只能由线程进行邮件的收取。当一个线程向邮箱发送邮件时,如果邮箱没满,将把邮件复制到邮箱中。如果邮箱已经满了,发送线程可以设置超时时间,选择等待挂起或直接返回 - RT_EFULL。如果发送线程选择挂起等待,那么当邮箱中的邮件被收取而空出空间来时,等待挂起的发送线程将被唤醒继续发送。
当一个线程从邮箱中接收邮件时,如果邮箱是空的,接收线程可以选择是否等待挂起直到收到新的邮件而唤醒,或可以设置超时时间。当达到设置的超时时间,邮箱依然未收到邮件时,这个选择超时等待的线程将被唤醒并返回 - RT_ETIMEOUT。如果邮箱中存在邮件,那么接收线程将复制邮箱中的 4 个字节邮件到接收缓存中。
邮箱机制管理数据结构
/**
* mailbox structure
*/
struct rt_mailbox
{
struct rt_ipc_object parent; /**< inherit from ipc_object */
rt_uint32_t *msg_pool; /**< start address of message buffer */
rt_uint16_t size; /**< size of message pool */
rt_uint16_t entry; /**< index of messages in msg_pool */
rt_uint16_t in_offset; /**< input offset of the message buffer */
rt_uint16_t out_offset; /**< output offset of the message buffer */
rt_list_t suspend_sender_thread; /**< sender thread suspended on this mailbox */
};
typedef struct rt_mailbox *rt_mailbox_t;
邮箱的定义
struct rt_mailbox static_mailbox; /*静态邮箱*/
rt_mailbox_t dynamic_mailbox; /*动态邮箱*/
初始化与脱离-同信号量和互斥锁类似,主要针对静态定义
/**
* This function will initialize a mailbox and put it under control of resource
* management.
*
* @param mb the mailbox object
* @param name the name of mailbox
* @param msgpool the begin address of buffer to save received mail
* @param size the size of mailbox
* @param flag the flag of mailbox 使用方式 RT_IPC_FLAG_FIFO/RT_IPC_FLAG_RRIO
*
* @return the operation status, RT_EOK on successful
*/
rt_err_t rt_mb_init(rt_mailbox_t mb,
const char *name,
void *msgpool,
rt_size_t size,
rt_uint8_t flag)
/**
* This function will detach a mailbox from resource management
*
* @param mb the mailbox object
*
* @return the operation status, RT_EOK on successful
*/
rt_err_t rt_mb_detach(rt_mailbox_t mb)
创建和删除-针对动态定义
/**
* This function will create a mailbox object from system resource
*
* @param name the name of mailbox
* @param size the size of mailbox
* @param flag the flag of mailbox 使用方式 RT_IPC_FLAG_FIFO/RT_IPC_FLAG_RRIO
*
* @return the created mailbox, RT_NULL on error happen
*/
rt_mailbox_t rt_mb_create(const char *name, rt_size_t size, rt_uint8_t flag)
/**
* This function will delete a mailbox object and release the memory
*
* @param mb the mailbox object
*
* @return the error code
*/
rt_err_t rt_mb_delete(rt_mailbox_t mb)
发送邮件
如果是在4个字节内那么就可以直接将数据放到value中发送,如果大于4个字节,则可以发送数据的首地址
/** 在中断中使用会导正系统阻塞
* This function will send a mail to mailbox object. If the mailbox is full,
* current thread will be suspended until timeout.
*
* @param mb the mailbox object
* @param value the mail
* 如果邮箱已满则就等待timeout的时间
* @param timeout the waiting time
* @return the error code
*/
rt_err_t rt_mb_send_wait(rt_mailbox_t mb,
rt_uint32_t value,
rt_int32_t timeout)
/** 如果邮箱已满则返回false 可以在线程中使用也可以在中断中使用
* This function will send a mail to mailbox object, if there are threads
* suspended on mailbox object, it will be waked up. This function will return
* immediately, if you want blocking send, use rt_mb_send_wait instead.
*
* @param mb the mailbox object
* @param value the mail
*
* @return the error code
*/
rt_err_t rt_mb_send(rt_mailbox_t mb, rt_uint32_t value)
接收邮件
/**
* This function will receive a mail from mailbox object, if there is no mail
* in mailbox object, the thread shall wait for a specified time.
*
* @param mb the mailbox object
* @param value the received mail will be saved in
* @param timeout the waiting time
*
* @return the error code
*/
rt_err_t rt_mb_recv(rt_mailbox_t mb, rt_uint32_t *value, rt_int32_t timeout)
参考官网示例
/*
* 这个程序会创建2个动态线程,一个静态的邮箱对象,其中一个线程往邮箱中发送邮件,
* 一个线程往邮箱中收取邮件。
*/
#include
#define THREAD_PRIORITY 10
#define THREAD_TIMESLICE 5
/* 邮箱控制块 */
static struct rt_mailbox mb;
/* 用于放邮件的内存池 */
static char mb_pool[128];
static char mb_str1[] = "I'm a mail!";
static char mb_str2[] = "this is another mail!";
static char mb_str3[] = "over";
ALIGN(RT_ALIGN_SIZE)
static char thread1_stack[1024];
static struct rt_thread thread1;
/* 线程1入口 */
static void thread1_entry(void *parameter)
{
char *str;
while (1)
{
rt_kprintf("thread1: try to recv a mailn");
/* 从邮箱中收取邮件 */
if (rt_mb_recv(&mb, (rt_uint32_t *)&str, RT_WAITING_FOREVER) == RT_EOK)
{
rt_kprintf("thread1: get a mail from mailbox, the content:%sn", str);
if (str == mb_str3)
break;
/* 延时100ms */
rt_thread_mdelay(100);
}
}
/* 执行邮箱对象脱离 */
rt_mb_detach(&mb);
}
ALIGN(RT_ALIGN_SIZE)
static char thread2_stack[1024];
static struct rt_thread thread2;
/* 线程2入口 */
static void thread2_entry(void *parameter)
{
rt_uint8_t count;
count = 0;
while (count < 10)
{
count ++;
if (count & 0x1)
{
/* 发送mb_str1地址到邮箱中 */
rt_mb_send(&mb, (rt_uint32_t)&mb_str1);
}
else
{
/* 发送mb_str2地址到邮箱中 */
rt_mb_send(&mb, (rt_uint32_t)&mb_str2);
}
/* 延时200ms */
rt_thread_mdelay(200);
}
/* 发送邮件告诉线程1,线程2已经运行结束 */
rt_mb_send(&mb, (rt_uint32_t)&mb_str3);
}
int mailbox_sample(void)
{
rt_err_t result;
/* 初始化一个mailbox */
result = rt_mb_init(&mb,
"mbt", /* 名称是mbt */
&mb_pool[0], /* 邮箱用到的内存池是mb_pool */
sizeof(mb_pool) / 4, /* 邮箱中的邮件数目,因为一封邮件占4字节 */
RT_IPC_FLAG_FIFO); /* 采用FIFO方式进行线程等待 */
if (result != RT_EOK)
{
rt_kprintf("init mailbox failed.n");
return -1;
}
rt_thread_init(&thread1,
"thread1",
thread1_entry,
RT_NULL,
&thread1_stack[0],
sizeof(thread1_stack),
THREAD_PRIORITY, THREAD_TIMESLICE);
rt_thread_startup(&thread1);
rt_thread_init(&thread2,
"thread2",
thread2_entry,
RT_NULL,
&thread2_stack[0],
sizeof(thread2_stack),
THREAD_PRIORITY, THREAD_TIMESLICE);
rt_thread_startup(&thread2);
return 0;
}
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2022-2-28 15:06:21
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